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jaegeriana (the Jaeger Joshua tree or Jaeger's Joshua tree or pygmae yucca), though both are sometimes treated as varieties[9][19][20] or forms. B. His minimalist style sharply contrasted with the emphasis placed on virtuosity and speed by heavy metal in the 1980s. U2 Live from Mexico City, U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle, Ireland, From the Ground Up: Edge's Picks from U2360°, I'll Go Crazy If I Don't Go Crazy Tonight, U2 Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky, Achtung Baby: The Videos, the Cameos, and a Whole Lot of Interference from Zoo TV, Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Joshua_Tree&oldid=1003560138, United States National Recording Registry recordings, Short description is different from Wikidata, Certification Table Entry usages for Argentina, Pages using certification Table Entry with shipments figures, Certification Table Entry usages for Australia, Certification Table Entry usages for Austria, Pages using certification Table Entry with sales figures, Certification Table Entry usages for Canada, Certification Table Entry usages for Denmark, Certification Table Entry usages for Finland, Certification Table Entry usages of salesamount without salesref, Certification Table Entry usages for France, Certification Table Entry usages for Germany, Certification Table Entry usages for Hong Kong, Certification Table Entry usages for Italy, Pages using certification Table Entry without certification, Pages using certification Table Entry with streaming figures, Certification Table Entry usages for Mexico, Certification Table Entry usages for New Zealand, Certification Table Entry usages for Netherlands, Certification Table Entry usages for Norway, Certification Table Entry usages for Spain, Certification Table Entry usages for Sweden, Certification Table Entry usages for Switzerland, Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom, Certification Table Entry usages for United States, Pages using certification Table Entry with sales footnote, Pages using certification Table Entry with shipments footnote, Pages using certification Table Entry with streaming footnote, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz release group identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "Beautiful Ghost/Introduction to Songs of Experience". "[70], —Bono, on the album's thematic inspirations, in 1987[8], Political and social concerns were the basis for several tracks. ", "Joshua Tree re-release track available online", "U2 Detail 'The Joshua Tree' Summer Tour", "U2 extends 'The Joshua Tree Tour 2017' with 12 new concerts, adds a San Diego show", "The Edge Breaks Down U2's Upcoming 'Joshua Tree' Tour", "U2's Joshua Tree 2017 Tour Wraps With $316 Million Earned", "U2 Tops Pollstar's Year-End Touring Chart With $316 Million Gross, Veteran Male Acts Dominate Top 20", "U2 to Finish 2019 'The Joshua Tree' Tour With First Trip to India", "U2 Earn $73 Million From Just 15 'Joshua Tree' Anniversary Shows in 2019", "U2 Releasing 30th Anniversary Edition of The Joshua Tree", "U2 to Pack 'Joshua Tree' Reissue With Demos, Outtakes, New Remixes", "U2 reveal details of 'The Joshua Tree' 30th anniversary album reissue", "U2 release 'Red Hill Mining Town' for Record Store Day", "Tous les "Chart Runs" des Albums classés despuis 1985", "TOP 100 ALBUM-CHARTS: 11.05.1987 - 17.05.1987", "Norwegiancharts.com – U2 – The Joshua Tree", "Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart", Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry, "Spanishcharts.com – U2 – The Joshua Tree", "Ultratop.be – U2 – The Joshua Tree (30th Anniversary)", "Dutchcharts.nl – U2 – The Joshua Tree (30th Anniversary)", Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas, "Austrian album certifications – U2 – Joshua Tree", "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank –Titel:The Joshua Tree", "Italian album certifications – U2 – Joshua Tree", Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas, "Dutch album certifications – U2 – The Joshua Tree", Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers, "Gold & Platinum Awards 1987: Switzerland", Hasta la Vista Baby! [51] Thom Duffy interpreted the album as an exploration of the "uncertainty and pain of a spiritual pilgrimage through a bleak and harsh world". The larvae feed on the seeds, but enough seeds remain to reproduce. [87] In 1991, the magazine ranked The Joshua Tree at number 97 on its list of the "100 Greatest Album Covers of All Time". "[84] Regarding the serious tone of the images, Corbijn said, "I guess people felt they took themselves too seriously. [197] The edited single version of "Where the Streets Have No Name" appears on the bonus CD. The Edge recalled it as a difficult period with a sense of "going nowhere", although Bono was set on America as a theme for the album. [14], A makeshift control room with tape machines, a mixing console, and other outboard equipment was set up in Danesmoate's dining room, with the adjacent drawing room used for recording and performing. [162] In the UK, The Joshua Tree ranks in the top 40 of the best-selling records with 2.88 million copies sold,[163][164] having been certified 9× platinum, with an additional gold certification for the 20th anniversary edition. [11][77] Biblical references are made on other songs like "Bullet the Blue Sky" ("Jacob wrestled the angel", images of fire and brimstone) and "In God's Country" ("I stand with the sons of Cain"). [1], In November 1985,[15] U2 moved into drummer Larry Mullen Jr.'s newly purchased home to work on material written during the Unforgettable Fire Tour. [33] "Mothers of the Disappeared" and "Bullet the Blue Sky" were among the songs that evolved at Melbeach. The Joshua Tree is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band U2. The two music videos are an alternate version "With or Without You" and the previously unreleased video for "Red Hill Mining Town". [71][72] Bono's trip also inspired "Mothers of the Disappeared", after he met members of COMADRES—the Mothers of the Disappeared—a group of women whose children were killed or "disappeared" during the civil war at the hands of the local government. The Joshua Tree received critical acclaim, topped the charts in over 20 countries, and became the fastest-selling album in British history. [18], U2's initial time at Danesmoate was spent recording and refining "extensive demos" that the Edge anticipated could turn into final backing tracks. Ang Joshua Tree nahimutang sa kondado sa San Bernardino County ug estado sa California, sa habagatan-kasadpang bahin sa nasod, 3,500 km sa kasadpan sa ulohang dakbayan Washington, D.C. 834 metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Joshua Tree, ug adunay 7,414 ka molupyo.. Ang yuta palibot sa Joshua Tree kay … It ranks as one of the best-selling albums in the US; in 1995, the RIAA certified it 10× platinum for shipping 10 million units, and the album subsequently received the Diamond Award for reaching this level. [93] U2 were featured on the cover of the 27 April 1987 issue of Time, which declared them "Rock's Hottest Ticket";[115] they were just the fourth rock band to appear on the magazine's cover, following the Beatles, the Band, and the Who. [2], Based on their success with producers Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois on The Unforgettable Fire, U2 wanted the duo to produce their new album. U2 were the only act that year to be nominated in each of the "Big Three" categories (Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Album of the Year). Joshua Tree National Park) — национальный парк в США, расположенный в юго-восточной части Калифорнии.Площадь парка — 3196 км². [140] Robert Christgau from The Village Voice found the lyrics tasteful and the music "mournful and passionate, stately and involved", but lamented what he felt was pompous singing by Bono, calling it "one of the worst cases of significance ever to afflict a deserving candidate for superstardom". The Edge views musical notes as "expensive", preferring to play as few of them as possible and to instead focus on simpler parts that serve the moods of the songs. [170] It topped a 2001 poll of the 100 greatest pop albums of all time, based on the preferences of over 250,000 VH-1 viewers. [82] Averill said of their photographic approach, "What I was trying to do with the way we shot the pictures and framed the cover was to suggest the landscape vision and cinematic approach that was taken to the recording. [208] The 2019 shows grossed $73.8 million and sold 567,000 tickets, bringing the cumulative totals for the group's Joshua Tree anniversary tours to $390.8 million grossed and 3.3 million tickets sold. It just felt like, 'Wow, these songs have a new meaning and a new resonance today that they didn't have three years ago, four years ago. [184] It is the only Irish work to be so honoured. [52], The Edge's guitar playing on The Joshua Tree is characteristic of what came to be his trademark sound. The disc includes Live from Paris, an 85-minute concert from 4 July 1987 that was originally broadcast on British television in celebration of the 25th anniversary of Island Records. Recording was completed in November 1986; additional production continued into January 1987. The album won Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1988. "[25], On 3 July, the band experienced a tragedy when Greg Carroll, their roadie and Bono's personal assistant, was killed in a motorcycle accident in Dublin. The track was re-recorded as a single for the group's 1998 compilation The Best of 1980–1990. [61] Bono attributes this maturation to "loosening up", "discover[ing] other voices", and employing more restraint in his singing. [6] This inspired him to write the blues-influenced song "Silver and Gold", which he recorded with Richards and Ronnie Wood and convinced Van Zandt to add to Sun City. It is tree-like in habit, which is reflected in its common names: Joshua tree, yucca palm, tree yucca, and palm tree yucca. Since the compact disc was a relatively new format at the time, the creative team decided to experiment with the album cover, selecting different cover images for each format on which the album was released; the original compact disc release used a blurry, distorted photo of the band, while the cassette used a clear, but alternate photo. It wasn't happening for The Joshua Tree and she came in and she organized it and it worked as an old-fashioned album: a beginning, middle and end. And that's what attracted me to the desert as a symbol of some sort. Like most desert plants, their blooming depends on rainfall at the proper time. [45] They later expressed regret that it had not been completed for The Joshua Tree. A fascinating variety of plants and animals make their homes in a land sculpted by strong winds and occasional torrents of rain. [16][35][18] At the same time, Lanois, McCarthy, and Meegan mixed seven songs at Melbeach on a 24-track AMEK 2500 mixing desk; all three were required to operate the console due to the lack of mix automation. [18] Bono's revised lyrics were described as "absolutely stunning" by Meegan, who believed that the insecurity the singer felt from having his work critiqued further motivated him. [78] That morning,[79] while driving on Route 190 near Darwin, they spotted a lone-standing tree in the desert. Indeed, Bono says that 'dismantling the mythology of America' is an important part of The Joshua Tree's artistic objective. He realised that U2 "had no tradition" and felt as if they "were from outer space". [88], The tree photographed for the sleeve fell around 2000,[89] yet the site remains a popular tourist attraction for U2 fans. [32] Of the approximately 30 songs that were created during the album's sessions, 11 were selected for the final track listing. [14][17] The Edge had viewed the residence months prior while househunting with his wife and convinced the owner to rent it to the band. Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. [54] On other songs, his guitar playing is more aggressive; "Exit" was described by Colin Hogg as a "decidedly scary... guitar-driven barrage",[55] while Andrew Mueller said the guitar sounds from "Bullet the Blue Sky" evoke images of fighter planes. [56], The bonus audio CD contains 14 additional tracks,[196] including the B-sides "Luminous Times (Hold on to Love)", "Walk to the Water", "Spanish Eyes", "Deep in the Heart", "Silver and Gold", "Sweetest Thing", and "Race Against Time". [50], The Edge continued to employ the ambient techniques of guitar playing that he used on The Unforgettable Fire; for "With or Without You", he used a prototype of the Infinite Guitar to add layers of sustained notes, an approach he first took on his 1986 solo album, the Captive soundtrack. "Beautiful Ghost/Introduction to Songs of Experience" contains lyrics from the introduction of William Blake's Songs of Experience,[56] while "Drunk Chicken/America" contains an excerpt of Allen Ginsberg's recitation of his poem, "America". Der Park ist nach der auffälligen, im Englischen Joshua Tree genannten Josua-Palmlilie (Yucca brevifolia) benannt, der größten Art der Gattung der Palmlilien (Yucca), die auch Josuabaum genannt wird. Artisans take inspiration in this place which is roughly 140 miles from Los Angeles, California. Bono was embarrassed by his lack of familiarity with the genres, as most of U2's musical knowledge began with punk rock in their youth in the mid-1970s. The band told her to put "Where the Streets Have No Name" first and "Mothers of the Disappeared" last, with the rest sequenced according to her preference. Inspired by American experiences, literature, and politics, U2 chose America as a theme for the record. [65] Bono said, "I started to see two Americas, the mythic America and the real America",[66] hence the album's working title, The Two Americas. [66] One track that chiefly represents these themes is "In God's Country", which critic Barbara Jaeger interpreted as addressing America's role as the "promised land". [166][167], The Joshua Tree has been acclaimed by writers and music critics as one of the greatest albums of all time; according to Acclaimed Music, it is the 40th-highest-ranked record on critics' lists. Meegan said of Eno's involvement: "Usually he was in first every morning and he'd start some dodgy sequence on his DX-7 [synthesiser]—it would be just like a cello line with no intentions of ever staying forever, just something to inspire people when they walked into the room. That's one of the reasons we look so grim. While the Joshua tree ranges into the Great Basm and Sonoran Deserts. Joshua Tree is in the Mojave Desert, the only place on Earth where you'll find the giant yucca plants called "Joshua Trees." The Joshua Tree este al cincilea album de studio al formației de rock U2.A fost produs de Daniel Lanois și Brian Eno, și a fost lansat la 9 martie 1987 la Island Records.Spre deosebire de experimentele ambientale din albumul anterior, lansat în 1984 și intitulat The Unforgettable Fire, U2 a căutat un sunet mai de impact în The Joshua Tree în limitele unori cântece strict structurate. Directed by Matthew Mishory. [33][44] These tracks, which included "Walk to the Water", "Luminous Times (Hold on to Love)", and "Spanish Eyes", were completed as B-sides for the planned singles. [154] The first and third legs visited the US, while the second leg toured Europe. "[22] One of the first songs worked on was "Heartland", which originated during The Unforgettable Fire sessions and was later released on the band's 1988 album, Rattle and Hum. The review praised U2 for maturing and expanding their musical range, yet "retain[ing] their sense of power" and the "brave passion and emotion" of Bono's vocals. [198] "Wave of Sorrow (Birdland)", "Desert of Our Love", "Rise Up", and "Drunk Chicken/America" are all previously unreleased recordings from The Joshua Tree sessions. Others, such as this person, say things like \"Mormon settlers gave the Joshua tree its distinctive name when they were traveling westward toward their promised land.\" [4] Until that time, U2 had been apathetic towards roots music, but after spending time with the Waterboys and fellow Irish band Hothouse Flowers, they felt a sense of indigenous Irish music blending with American folk music. [69] Clayton explained the impact of the desert imagery: "The desert was immensely inspirational to us as a mental image for this record. [14] In late August during Hurricane Charley, U2 were visited at Danesmoate by Robbie Robertson, the former guitarist of the Band. For the national park, see, "United States Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel", https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/2020/08/17/dome-fire-burns-in-mojave-national-park-as-temps-soar/3383180001/, "Checklist of Ventura County Rare Plants", "Reassessment of Yucca brevifolia and Recognition of Y. jaegeriana as a Distinct Species", "Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree distribution support future modeled range contraction", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yucca_brevifolia&oldid=1012221727, Articles with failed verification from October 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 March 2021, at 07:22. [93] Record stores in Britain and Ireland opened at midnight to accommodate the large number of fans who had queued outside to buy the album. The story does have variations. [159] The release was made available in four formats: a single CD; a two-disc deluxe edition with a bonus audio CD of B-sides, rarities, and demos; a three-disc box set with the bonus audio CD and DVD, photograph prints, and hardcover book; and a double vinyl edition. The band members' instruments are not credited on the album's liner notes, aside from the Edge's backing vocals and Bono's harmonica. El parque nacional Árboles de Josué [1] (en inglés, Joshua Tree National Park) es un parque nacional de los Estados Unidos localizado en el estado de California.Es una zona desértica que incluye partes de los desiertos de Colorado y Mojave.Su nombre proviene de una especie de Yucca, encontrada casi exclusivamente en esta zona, denominado árbol de Josué (árbol de Josué). [204] In rationalising the tour, the Edge cited the 2016 US presidential election and other world events for what he judged to be renewed resonance of The Joshua Tree's subject matter:[205] "That record was written in the mid-Eighties, during the Reagan–Thatcher era of British and U.S. politics. [9] It was first formally described in the botanical literature as Yucca brevifolia by George Engelmann in 1871 as part of the Geological Exploration of the 100th meridian (or "Wheeler Survey"). [16] The single peaked at number six in the UK,[96] Canada,[118] and the Netherlands. Recording began in January 1986 in Ireland, and to foster a relaxed, creative atmosphere, the group primarily recorded in two houses. [119] However, the group were unhappy with the music video filmed by Neil Jordan,[16][120] and Bono had difficulty singing the song. Joshua Tree is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It is tree-like in habit, which is reflected in its common names: Joshua tree, yucca palm, tree yucca, and palm tree yucca. [152] In 1988, U2 received four Grammy Award nominations for the album and its songs, winning honours for Album of the Year (to beat artists such as Michael Jackson, Prince, and Whitney Houston) and Best Rock Performance By a Duo or Group With Vocal for The Joshua Tree. [1] Bono was pleased to discover the religious significance of the plant's etymology;[78] according to Mormon legend, early settlers named the plant after the Old Testament prophet Joshua, as the tree's stretching branches reminded them of Joshua raising his hands in prayer. [17] One person inserted a plaque into the ground reading, "Have you found what you're looking for? [1] Leading up to the album sessions, lead vocalist Bono read the works of American writers such as Norman Mailer, Flannery O'Connor, and Raymond Carver so as to understand, in the words of Hot Press editor Niall Stokes, "those on the fringes of the promised land, cut off from the American dream". [124], "Where the Streets Have No Name" was released in August 1987 as the third single, with "Sweetest Thing", "Silver and Gold", and "Race Against Time" as B-sides. Les Joshua trees peuvent pousser à partir d'une graine ou d'un rhizome souterrain d'un autre Joshua tree.Ils poussent lentement : 10 à 20 cm dans les premières années puis seulement 10 cm par an ensuite. [16][18], On the night before the 15 January 1987 deadline set by Island Records to complete the record, the band and the crew completed mixing. De afmetingen zijn ongeveer 100 km van oost naar west, en 50 km van noord naar zuid. Morse called it "their most challenging work to date" and the "most rewarding rock record of the new year". [136], The Joshua Tree received critical acclaim, and the best reviews of U2's career to that point. [50] "Trip Through Your Wires", another song on which Bono plays harmonica, was described by Niall Stokes as a "bluesy romp". The semifleshy fruit that is produced is green-brown, elliptical, and contains many flat seeds. [79] Corbijn later recounted that the main idea of the shoot was to juxtapose "man and environment, the Irish in America". The Joshua tree is native to the southwestern United States (Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah) and northwestern Mexico. Where Two Deserts Meet. [31] Various critics called them "po-faced",[186] "pompous bores",[56] and "humourless". [23] Lanois had a higher opinion of the house, saying: "It was loud, but it was really good loud, real dense, very musical. [86] Rolling Stone said that the album's title and the images of the tree befit a record concerned with "resilience in the face of utter social and political desolation, a record steeped in religious imagery". [90] It is a common misconception that the site is within Joshua Tree National Park, when in fact it is over 200 miles away from the park. [128] By the end of 1988, The Joshua Tree had sold more than 14 million copies worldwide. [14] The Edge was eventually convinced otherwise after discovering blues and country artists such as Howlin' Wolf, Robert Johnson, Hank Williams, and Lefty Frizzell on American public radio stations during the Unforgettable Fire Tour. jaegeriana has also been treated as its own species.[22]. 1 The Trials of Apollo 1.1 The Burning Maze 1.2 The Tyrant's Tomb 1.3 The Tower of Nero 2 Personality 3 Appearance 4 Trivia He greets Grover, Meg and Apollo when they arrive at their greenhouse. better". [18][19] This was a change for U2, who previously recorded each instrument separately and then layered them into the mix. [195][200] The documentary, titled Outside It's America, was a 1987 MTV production about The Joshua Tree Tour. If we even consider any of them we'll still be here in three months time. "[137] Entertainment Weekly's Bill Wyman wrote that the album combined "easy-to-grasp themes — alienation and an outsider’s ambivalent view of America — with an extremely focused musical attack". [171] Rolling Stone ranked the album at number 26 on their 2003 list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". [195] In an otherwise favourable review of the remastered album, Andrew Mueller of Uncut said that "any casual listener who can perceive a meaningful difference between this and the original has i) ears like a bat and/or ii) needs to get out more". [49] Much of this was achieved with a delay effect, contributing to a chiming, echo-laden sound. [94] It was the first new release to be made available on the compact disc, vinyl record, and cassette tape formats on the same date. [24], Joshua trees are one of the species predicted to have their range reduced and shifted by climate change. Several events during the sessions helped shape the conscious tone of the album, including the band's participation in the Conspiracy of Hope benefit concerts for Amnesty International, the death of roadie Greg Carroll, and lead vocalist Bono's travels to Central America. As always, the band had to make sure it was right, and now it is. Most people would take the desert on face value and think it's some kind of barren place, which of course is true. [16] The sessions saw the group's songwriting beginning to evolve; not all material was being worked out as a band, but rather Bono and the Edge often brought basic song ideas to Mullen and Clayton. The magazine praised U2 for eschewing ambient experimentation in favour of uncomplicated but layered arrangements. The fused pistils are 3 cm tall and the stigma cavity is surrounded by lobes. [103] It remained at that position for nine consecutive weeks,[104] the band's longest number-one reign on the chart[105] and the second-longest reign in the US that year. [6] It is confined mostly to the Mojave Desert between 400 and 1,800 m (1,300 and 5,900 ft) elevation. I think there were a lot of headaches, isolating people and having to build baffles around the place. It occurs at elevations between 400 and 1,800 m (1,300 and 5,900 ft). "We had experimented a lot in the making of [, Like much of the Edge's guitar playing on the album, the opening riff to ", "I love being there, I love America, I love the feeling of the wide open spaces, I love the deserts, I love the mountain ranges, I even love the cities. [67] For the front cover, Averill said that the framing of the band in the left half of the photo was meant to evoke the cinematography of film directors John Ford and Sergio Leone. [8], The Joshua tree is also called izote de desierto (Spanish, "desert dagger"). [18][42] As they worked at Melbeach,[42] Lillywhite's wife, singer Kirsty MacColl, volunteered to set the running order for the album. [35] Recording for The Joshua Tree wrapped up in November 1986. [62] Colin Hogg of The New Zealand Herald called The Joshua Tree "the most compelling collection of music yet from a band that has cut its career with passionate, exciting slashes". '"[205] The 2017 tour grossed more than $316 million from over 2.7 million tickets sold,[206] making it the highest-grossing tour of the year. [96] "One Tree Hill" was released as a fourth single in Australia and New Zealand in March 1988,[130][131] and having been written for the New Zealand-native Carroll, it reached number one in his home country. The leaf margins are white and serrated. [113] "In God's Country" was released as a fourth single exclusively in North America in November 1987,[129] peaking at number 44 on the Hot 100[127] and number 48 as an import single in the UK. U2 commemorated the record's 20th anniversary with a remastered re-release, and its 30th anniversary with concert tours and a reissue. The tallest trees reach about 15 m (49 ft). The publication said, "The band's fifth album spit out hits like crazy, and they were unusually searching hits, each with a pointed political edge. [31], The Joshua Tree is the band's best-selling album,[160] and with 25 million copies sold worldwide,[161] it is among the best-selling albums of all time. There was this one album, the 'blues' album that Bono was talking about, and another, much more 'European', which is kind of the way I was led. The buildings are referenced in the lyric "I see seven towers / But I only see one way out". [99] On the US Billboard Top Pop Albums chart, the album debuted on 4 April 1987 at number seven,[101] the highest debut for a studio album in the US in almost seven years. "[79], On the evening after the first day's shooting, Corbijn told the band about Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia), hardy and twisted plants in the deserts of the American Southwest, and he suggested their use on the sleeve. [102] On 13 May 1987, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the album double-platinum. Several events during the sessions helped shape the conscious tone of the album, including the band's participation in the Conspiracy of Hope benefit concerts for Amnesty International, the death of roadie Greg Carroll, and lead vocalist Bono's travels to Centra Anger is directed particularly at the perceived greed of the Ronald Reagan administration and its foreign policy in Central America.

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